The Ultimate Guide to Successfully Growing Medlar Trees in Canadian Climate

Growing fruit trees in a Canadian climate can be a rewarding yet challenging endeavor, especially when considering more exotic options like the medlar (Mespilus germanica). Known for its unique fruit and historical significance, the medlar tree has gained popularity among gardeners interested in diversifying their orchards. This guide aims to help you grow healthy medlar trees successfully in the varied Canadian climate zones.

1. Understanding the Medlar Tree

What is a Medlar Tree?

The medlar tree is a deciduous fruit tree that can grow up to 20 feet tall, with a broad, spreading canopy. Its fruit, often described as having a unique taste reminiscent of apples and pears, becomes edible only after it has “bletted,” i.e., overripened and softened. Medlar trees are hardy and can thrive in a variety of conditions, making them suitable for several Canadian climates.

Historical Context

Historically, medlar was a common fruit in Europe during the Middle Ages, often mentioned in literature and art. It made its way to North America but has not gained the same popularity. However, it is slowly making a comeback among fruit enthusiasts and permaculture practitioners.

2. Choosing the Right Location

Sunlight Requirements

Medlar trees thrive in full sun, requiring at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight daily. Choose a location in your garden that receives ample sunlight to encourage healthy growth and fruit production.

Soil Conditions

The ideal soil for medlar trees is well-drained, fertile loam with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. A soil test can help determine nutrient levels. If the soil is too sandy or clay-heavy, consider amending it with compost or well-rotted organic matter to improve texture and nutrient availability.

Spacing and Airflow

Medlar trees can be grown as standalone fruit trees or as part of an orchard. Ensure that they are spaced at least 15 to 20 feet apart to promote good air circulation and minimize disease risk.

3. Planting Your Medlar Tree

Best Planting Time

The best time to plant your medlar tree is in the spring or fall when the tree is dormant. This timing reduces transplant shock and improves the chances of survival.

Planting Steps

1. Dig the Hole: Dig a hole twice the width of the root ball and the same depth. This allows the roots to spread easily.
2. Prepare the Soil: Mix some compost with the excavated soil to enrich it before planting.
3. Position the Tree: Position the medlar tree in the center of the hole, making sure that the graft union is just above the soil line.
4. Backfill with Soil: Gradually backfill the hole with the enriched soil, ensuring there are no air pockets.
5. Water Thoroughly: Water the tree well after planting to settle the soil around the roots.

4. Caring for Your Medlar Tree

Watering Requirements

During the first year, medlar trees need regular watering to establish roots. Water deeply once a week, or more often in hot, dry spells. After the first year, they are relatively drought-tolerant, but maintaining consistent moisture promotes better fruit yield.

Fertilizing

Apply a balanced fertilizer in early spring before the growing season begins. Organic options, like compost or well-rotted manure, can also be used to enrich the soil.

Pruning

Pruning medlar trees helps maintain a healthy structure and encourages air circulation. The best time to prune is late winter or early spring, just before new growth begins.

• Remove Dead or Diseased Wood: Inspect the tree and cut away any dead or diseased branches.
• Shape the Canopy: Aim for an open-center shape to ensure sunlight penetrates the canopy.

Pest and Disease Management

Medlar trees are relatively resistant to pests and diseases, but vigilance is crucial:

• Pests: Watch out for aphids and fruit flies. Natural insecticides or neem oil can effectively manage these pests.
• Diseases: Fungal diseases like powdery mildew can occur. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent moist conditions.

5. Harvesting Medlar Fruit

When to Harvest

The unique aspect of harvesting medlar fruit is that it must be allowed to blett before it is edible. This process usually occurs after frost in the fall or early winter. The fruit will turn brown, soften, and emit a sweet aroma when ready.

How to Harvest

• Gently twist and pull the fruit from the tree.
• Handle the fruit carefully, as it bruises easily.

6. Uses of Medlar Fruit

Medlar fruit can be eaten raw, but its flavor is at its best when used in:

• Jams and Jellies: The unique flavor of medlar lends itself well to preserves.
• Baking: Medlar can be used in pies, muffins, and other baked goods.
• Beverages: It can also be fermented to produce fruit wines.

7. Medlar Tree Varieties

Common Varieties

While there are several cultivars, two common types are:

1. Dutch Medlar: Known for its large fruit and hardy nature.
2. Royal Medlar: A smaller, sweeter variety that is perfect for home gardens.

Selecting a Variety

When choosing a variety, consider your local climate and what you wish to use the fruit for. Consulting a local nursery can provide insights into which types perform best in your area.

8. Companions and Pollinators

Companion Plants

Consider planting companion plants that support medlar trees, such as:

• Herbs: Lavender and thyme can repel pests and attract beneficial insects.
• Natives: Other native fruit trees can improve biodiversity in your garden.

Pollination

Medlar trees are self-pollinating but benefit from the presence of pollinators. Encouraging bees and butterflies by planting flowering plants nearby can enhance fruit yield.

9. FAQs

1. Can Medlar trees survive Canadian winters?

Yes, medlar trees are hardy and can withstand cold winters, especially in USDA zones 5 to 8.

2. How long does it take for medlar trees to bear fruit?

Medlar trees typically begin to bear fruit 3 to 5 years after planting, depending on the variety and growing conditions.

3. Are medlar trees susceptible to any diseases?

Medlar trees are generally resistant to diseases but can be affected by fungal issues, especially in humid conditions.

4. How much sun do medlar trees need?

Medlar trees thrive in full sun and require at least 6 to 8 hours of direct sunlight per day for optimal growth.

5. When is the best time to prune medlar trees?

The best time to prune medlar trees is in late winter or early spring before new growth begins.

6. What can I do if my medlar fruit isn’t ripening?

Ensure the tree receives adequate sunlight and water during the growing season. Protect the tree from heavy frost, which may disrupt the ripening process.

Conclusion

Growing medlar trees can be a fulfilling endeavor that adds a unique taste to your garden and culinary repertoire. With the right care, these trees can thrive in Canada’s diverse climates and serve as a conversation starter and a delightful source of fruit. By following this guide, you’ll be well on your way to establishing a healthy medlar tree in your garden. Happy gardening!